The stomach is a powerhouse when it comes to acid production. It has the ability to handle this strong acid, but when it escapes and reaches the esophagus, it can lead to discomfort. This condition is known as gastroesophageal reflux disorder (GERD), affecting over 1 billion people worldwide. Symptoms of GERD include chest pain, difficulty swallowing, and regurgitation of sour liquid or food.
Current treatments for GERD include lifestyle changes and medications like proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) that reduce stomach acid production. However, long-term use of PPIs can have adverse effects, such as an increased risk of bacterial infections like Clostridioides difficile (C. diff.) and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO).
Researchers are exploring alternative treatments for GERD, including probiotics. Probiotics are live microorganisms that offer health benefits when consumed. While there is evidence that probiotics can positively influence the gut microbiome and help with conditions like antibiotic-associated diarrhea, the research on their effectiveness in treating GERD is less conclusive.
A review conducted in Finland in 2020 found mixed results regarding the impact of probiotics on GERD symptoms. While some studies reported improvements in symptoms like regurgitation and acid reflux with probiotic use, others showed no effect or even negative outcomes. Overall, 79% of comparisons indicated a reduction in GERD symptoms with probiotics, but more high-quality studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Probiotics may also have potential in reducing the risk of developing SIBO in individuals taking PPIs. Studies have shown that certain probiotic strains, like Lactobacillus reuteri, can help prevent SIBO in PPI users. However, the diversity of probiotic strains used in research studies poses a challenge in determining the most effective options.
While the evidence for using probiotics to treat GERD is not yet strong enough for widespread recommendation, they are generally safe for most individuals. Making dietary and lifestyle changes, such as reducing caffeine and alcohol intake, increasing fiber consumption, and avoiding acidic and spicy foods, can also help manage GERD symptoms.
Ultimately, before making any changes to your treatment plan, it is essential to consult with a healthcare provider. While probiotics may offer some benefits for GERD and related conditions, it is crucial to prioritize overall health and wellness through a balanced diet and lifestyle choices.